In northern Sardinia, the granite massif of Mount Limbara acts as a natural climate barrier. Moist air masses arriving from the Atlantic Ocean collide with the mountain peaks, dropping heavy rainfall on the western slopes. Conversely, a rain-shadow effect forms on the opposite side, reducing rainfall significantly. This microclimate variation transforms the landscape within a few kilometers, shifting from lush oak forests on the wet side to arid terrain on the other, shaping local agriculture and human settlement.